Diskhabbow



June 8, 1943. c WHITE B151: mnnow Origipal Filed Jan. 8, 1938 4Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOIL CHARLES H WHITE BY fi/umu, JaZZZQ/ UW ATTORNEYSJune 8, 1943. c. H. WHITE 22,333

' DISK mumow Original Filed Jan. 8, 193B 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.CH4/Pf-5 H WHITE 7 BY luv/w, 112mb! IUW ATTORNEYS June 8, 1943. c. H..WHITE 22,333

DISK HARROW Original Filed Jan. 8', 1.938 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 I \llINVENTOR. 0/4/715 H my:

ORNEY June 8, 1943- c. H. WHITE Re. 22,333

' DISK mnnow ori inal Filed Jan. 8, 19:58 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 7 /20 //z ea/6 -95 INVENTOR 67/14/155 H WHITE ATTORNEYS Reiuued June 8,1943

DISK EABBOW Charles 11. white, mm. 111., assignor to Deere a Company,Moline, 11]., a corporation of 11- linois Original No. 2,264,783, datedDecember 2, 1941, Serial No. 183,988, January 8, 1938. Application forreissue December 16. .1941, Serial No.

57 Claims.

This invention relates generally to agricultural implements and is moreparticularly concerned with disk harrows of the double action type, al-

though certain features of my invention are also applicable to diskharrows of the single action t p One of the principal objects ofthis-invention is the provision of a disk harrow having a rigid unitaryframe and draft transmitting means pivotally connected to the frame andto the gangs, and inthe case of harrows of the double action type, it isalso an object of the invention in connection to provide draft means notonly connecting the pivoted draft member with the front gangs but alsoconnecting the front and rear gangs. More specifically, it is an objectof this invention to provide a disk harrow having front I and rear gangspivotally connected for generally fore and aft swinging movement with arigid unitary frame to which a separate draft member is pivotallyconnected, with suitable draft connections extending between the draftmember and the front gangs and between the front and rear gangs.

Another object of the prevent invention is the provision of a diskharrow that is exceptionally flexible and wherein the disk gangs arearranged to have independent generally vertical swinging movement withrespect to each other about generalLv fore and aft extending axes. Thisfeature makes it possible to have suflicient flexibility in theimplement to permit the latter to follow the contour of uneven ground,as may be encountered in terraced fields, for example, without having torely upon looseness in the various connections and without straining theharrow, yet adequately taking care of the lateral thrusts which thegangs impose on the frame of the harrow.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a diskharrow of the type having a frame wherein the disk gangs are connectedto the, frame through universal joint means which permit the disk gangsto move freely in various directions to accommodate irregularities inthe ground surface while adequately taking care of lateral thrustsinvolved.

A further object of the present invention is the provision of a diskharrow in which the draft is transmitted to the implement through adraft frame or othermeans which is pivotally connected with the gangsfor generally vertical swinging movement about horizontal transversepivots; This is especially important in harrows of the double action orother type in which the disk gangs are arranged hehindone another, in

that arranging the draft frame for vertical swinging effectivelyprevents any tendency for variations in the height of hitch .to causecertain gangs or certain disks in the gangs to run deeper than theothers.

An additional object of the present invention is the provision of a diskharrow having front and 1 rear gangs and so arranged thatproperregistration is secured between the front and rear disks, whethertraveling in a straight line or traveling in a curved path. Specificallyin this connection it is an objector this invention to provide front andrear diskgangs pivotally connected to a rigid frame to which the drafttransmitting means is also pivotally connected and. in which theswinging movement of the front gangs istransmitted to the rear gangs atsuch a ratio as to secure the proper registration at all times.

Still further, another object of this invention is the provision ofadisk harrow having front and rear pairs of disk gangs and in which therear gangs are capable of lateral adjustment toward and away from eachother so as to accommodate different speeds of operation and differentsizes and shapes of disks.

Still another'obiect of the present invention 7 is the provision of adisk harrow wherein spring means is provided so as to tend to cause thedisk gangs to return to their aligned positions, and a further object ofthis invention is the provision of spring means especially arranged toresist the tendency for the soil reaction against the disks to causethose at one end to run deeper than the others. A further object of myinvention in this connection is the provision of leveling springsarranged to prevent certain disks from running deeper than the otherswith a force that increases in effectiveness with an increase in theoperating angle of the disk gangs, thereby compensating for the greatertendency for the gangs to dig in when the operating angle is increased.

Figure 2 is a plan-view. similar to Figure. 1

but showing the disk harrow with the gangs in their angled or operatingposition:

Figure 3 is a planview of the disk harrow in operating position and whendrawn curved path;

Figure 4 is a side view of the disk harrow shown in Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a rear view looking forwardly and along a illustratingparticularly the leveling springs for the rear gangs and the means foradjusting the rear gangs toward and away from each other; and

Figure B is a sectiona1 view taken along the line 8-8 of Figure 5.

Referring now to the drawings, the disk harrow chosen to illustrate theprinciples of the present invention comprises a front pair of gangs,indicated by the reference numeral I, a rear pair of gangs 2, a rigidunitary frame I, and a draft frame 4.

The'front pair of gangs i consist of two right and left hand disk gangsections 1 and I, and each disk gang includes a frame II and suitableinner and outer brackets l I and II which carry the bearings in whichthe disk shaft is journaled for rotation. Disks are mounted on the shaftand are held in proper spaced relation by spools II. The rear bar ofeach frame It carries a rack ,II to receive weights when it is desiredto provide for additional penetration or when operating in unusuallyhard ground.

ceived in the sleeve portion II of a yoke II having arms I! which arepivoted and embrace a bearing sleeve II. The latter encloses and is Therear pair of gangs I is of similar construction, embodying two disk gangsections 20 and II, each having a frame 22 carrying suitable brackets IIand 24 receiving the shaft upon which disks II are fixed and maintainedin spaced apart relation by spacing spools 2B. A weight box or rack 21is fixed to the forward bar of each frame II. The inner brackets II ofthe rear gangs are connected together by a cross brace II,- and asimilar cross brace II connects the brackets ii at the inner ends of theforward gangs 1 and].

The frame I consists of two generally longitudinally' extending framebars II and II which are rigidly connected together at or adjacent theirends by transverse members in the form of arches II and II. Secured tothe forward arch II is a pair of downwardly and forwardly convergingmembers which receive the draft transmitted thereto and which areprovided with a number of holes 4i to provide foradjusting the height ofhitch as will be referred to later.

The rear arch II consists of two members 42 and II rigidly secured to orforming a part of the rear ends. respectively, of the frame members IIand II. A plate 44 is welded to each of the members 42 and 0 so as to bedisposed in overlapping relation, the outer end of each plate 44 havingupper and lower apertured ears 4| which receive .the ends of a U-bolt4|. Each U-bolt embraces the associated other plate and arch member, andthe opposite plate 44 carries a plurality of lugs 41 which cooperatewith the intermediate portion of the associated U-bolt so that when theU-bolts 4| are tightened, the plates 44 and members 42 and IIconstituting the rear arch II are firmly fixed together in rigidrelation. As will be explained later in detail, the effective width ofthe frame arch Il may be adjusted by loosening the U-bolts 4| and brining the members 42 and 4I closer together or further apart, as desired.

As best shown in Figures 5 and 6, the outer ends of the members 42 andextend downwardly, as at 42' and 43' (Figure 5), and terminate inspindle sections ll each of whi h not laterally adjustable. The frontarch II forms supported for rotation on one of the which is disposedabout the shaft or spools II tie rod I! which passes through all of thedisks and spools of the disk gangs and holds them together for rotationas a unit. The fork ends II of the yoke member II are received by pivotbolts II which pass through the lower ends of the bracket members II.Since the yoke member BI can swing about the transverse axis defined bythe bolts II, and since the gang section II and yoke member II can moveor swing fore and aft about the generally vertical axis defined by thespindle end ll of the frame arch IO, and since the disk unit can rotateabout the axis of the shaft or tie bolt 51, it will be seen that theconstruction just described provides a universal joint connectionbetween the disk gang unit Ii and the frame, the universal jointconnection, taken as a whole, permitting movement of. the disks aboutthe three axes Just mentioned; such axes intersect, as best shown inFigure 6. The other rear disk gang II is connected with a universaljoint connection with the other end 43 of the frame arch II bysubstantially the same construction, and hence a further description isunnecessary. the same reference numerals being applied for each reargang.

The front arch II of the frame I is similar to the rear arch I8 Justdescribed except that it is arigid part of the unitary frame I, and hasdownwardly extending ends which are connected to the inner ends of thefront disk gangs I and-I by universal joint connections of substantiallythe same construction shown in Figure 8 and described above. Thus, likethe rear gangs II and Ii, the front gangs 1 and I are each connected tothe frame I by means permitting the gangs to swing either horizontallyor vertically about axes at right angle to one another and which axesintersect the axis of rotation of the gang disks, but each pair of gangsis held stable in vertical position by the rigid frame I and the otherpair of gangs pivoted thereto.

The hitch or draft frame 4 which comprises a draft member or draw bar IIwhich includes a pair of laterally spaced angles H and 12 which areconnected together at their forward ends by upper and lower plates II.The rear ends of the angles Ii and II are fixed to a clevis 14 havingupper and lower apertured ends. A tongue" is slidably disposed in andprojects forwardly from the member II and has a plurality. of aperturesII formed therein. At its forward end the tongue I1 carries a clevis IIfor attachmentto a tractor or other source of draft. The tongue 11extends rearwardly between the plates H and II and at its rear end has apair of plates II secured thereto by a bolt II.

l'he tongue II is slidable back and forth relative to the draft memberwith the plates I! in, abutment withthe rear v ends of the plates IIthrough which draft force a slide or yoke u is disposed about the tongue11 and carries vertical pivots II to which the II and is shown inPigures l, 2 and 3 in its extreme forward position,

- first pushed back fastened to the weight box 'nected by pivot boltsforward ends or in. of draft links as and I.

are connected. The rear ends of'the draft links.

I. and ii are formed with hooks II which en-. gage in suitable loops Ifixed to the forwardbars of the front gangs I and 2. The books It andmembers form universal joint connections. between the rearwardlydiverging draft links ll and II and the front gangs I and I, and theclevis It is connected by universal joint means II to the-forward endsll oi the harrow frame 2. The universal joint means 51 includes pivotblock ll receiving a pin. upon which the clevis 14 is pivoted forlateral movement, and the pivot block II is connected by means of ahorizontal pivot III- in the form of a bolt or the like disposed in aselected set of openings ll (Figure 4). Thus, the entire draft frame 4can swing vertically about generally horizontal transverse axes, or thehitch or draft frame can swing horizontally about the pivot OI on theframe 2 and the pivots l4, 55 on the front gangs, as illustrated inFigure 3.

Mounted on the slide or yoke 25 is a latch IIII .which has an endengageable in any one of the openings II. Acable III extends from thelatch II. to the operator's seat on the tractor. The slide 85 carries apair of lugs H2, and the latch ismounted on the lug III by a pivot boltH3 or the like. To angle the gangs from their transport position, shownin Figure l, the tongue 11 is to its extreme rearward position, with theplates 22 contacting the clevis II. This can be done by backing thetractor with the latch III disengaged from the tongue 11, as

by the operator pulling on the rope I I I. Then, if

the rope III is released, the latch I III will engage one of theopenings I8, and then the tractor can be driven forwardly and will exerta pull through the draft links ll and SI against the outer ends of thefront gangs I and 8, thuspulling the gangs 1 and I into angled positionuntil the plates 82 engage the plates 12 on the draft member 10, movingthe'front gangs into the position shown in Figure 2. If it is notdesired that the gangs be angled fully, the tractor need not be backedfar enough to push the tongue I'I rearwardly the full extent but onlyfar enough to secure the desired amount of angle. Then by engaging thelatch at this point, the subsequent forward movement of the draft willmove the gangs into an angled position somewhat less than the angleshown in Figure2. The amount of angling can be reduced at any timesimply by releasing the latch IIII. when the latch is released the soilresistance against the disks of the front gangs will cause the gangs tofall back, either to their transport position (Figure 1), or to anintermediate angled position if the latch III! is reengaged with thetongue 11 before the plates 82 engage the plates The angle of the reargangs 2i! and 2i is controlled by the angle of the front gangs I and 8through a link connection between the fore and aft gangs at each side onthe harrow. An arm I2. is rigidly connected with and extends rearwardlyfrom the inner end of each of the front gangs I and I, and each arm I20has a plurality of openings I2I. Another arm I is rigidly 21 of each ofthe rear and extends forwardly of the harrow in a position laterallyoutwardly of the arm I25 on the forward gang. A link I25 is con- 7 tothe ends of the associated being a pivot bolt I21 the arm gangs 2. and2I arms I" and I22, there disposed in one of the openings I2l in ever,the row of holes III in the arms or brackets I" is not arcuate about theassociated bolt I20 when the gangs are arranged for operation in anangled position, as indicated in Figure 2. Thus, the bolts I21 may beplaced in the hole "I that gives the desired angular relation betweenthe front and rear gangs when they are in operating position (Figure 2),but when the gangs are swung back'into their transport position, bothfront and rear pairs of gangs will be aligned, respectively, regardlessas to which of the holes I2I receive the bolts I2'I (Figure l).

A plurality of holes I2! are provided in each of the links I25 for thepurpose of adjusting the effective lengths of the latter when the rearend of the frame 2 is adjusted in width to move the rear gangs 20, 2|toward or away from each other,- in order to insure that the rear gangsare brought into alignment when the harrow is set in its transportposition. When the rear gangs are adjusted toward each other from theposition shown in the drawings, the bolts I28 should be moved to the.inner holes I25, and when the rear gangs are adjusted away from eachother from the illustrated position, the

bolts I28 should be placed in the outer holes I29.

ranged for operation, and by placing the bolt I28 in the outer hole I29the angle of the rear gangs will be greater than the angle of the frontgangs. Adjusting the angle of the rear gangs by this means, however, hasthe disadvantage that when the bolts I28 are placed in holes I29 otherthan those corresponding to the adjustment of the width of the rear endof the frame I, the rear gangs will not return to a position of trueaxial alignment in transport position.

7 An important feature of this invention resides in the guiding actionof the links I25 and the rear gangs 2i! and 2i which, with the action ofthe rigid frame connection between the gangs. maintains the rear gangsin proper registration with the front gangs during arlght or left turn,causing the harrow to turn the soil properly during a straight aheadtravel and during turns, as indicated in Figure 3. Maintaining the disksof the front and rear gangs in the proper registration, all of the soilis turned either by the front d sks or by the rear disks.

I have found that the registration of this barrow is definitely superiorto that of the conventional harrow in which the rear gangs are connected to a rear draft frame which is pivotally connected toa frontframe to which the front gangs are connected, thereby providing forhorizontal swinging movement of the two rear gan perior registration ofmy harrow is that with the articulated type of draft frame last men'-mediate of the front gang furrows, is found both in operation on thestraight-away and on turns, but is inclined to be more pronounced onturns. In the harrow of my present invention, however, the rigidity ofthe unitary frame with the link connections between gangs insures thatthe harrow is held so that the rear gangs cannot swing lateralhrrelative to the front gangs in the manner described, and thus preservescorrect registration.

As shown in Figure 3, when making a turn the arm I" on the outside frontgang swings substantially into a straight line relation with theassociated link III. This serves the beneflcial purpose of preventingthe rear gang on the outside of the turn from angling excessively,whereby the outside gangs, being pivoted to the rigid frame I, are heldin their proper relative position during a turn as well as whenoperating straight ahead, as in Figure 2.

The disks of the front \gangs I and I face outwardly, and the disks ofthe rear gangs 20 and Ii face inwardly. In operation when the disks areangled (Figures 2 and 3) the reaction of the pressure against the diskscauses the outer disks of the front gangs and the inner disks of therear gangs to tend to run deeper, or dig into the soil, and to maintainthe front and rear gangs level,spring means are connected between thedisk gangs and the rigid frame. A pair of tension springs I and III areconnected at their inner ends to the rigid unitary frame l at a pointslightly to the rear.

of the front arch a, the lower ends of which are connected by universaljoint means to the inner ends of the front gan s 1 and I as describedabove. The outer ends of the springs are each connected to an adjustinglink I, the outer end of which is threaded into a sleeve I which isrotatably disposed in an apertured lug I fixed to the gang frame II inany suitable manner. A handle I is fixed to the outer end of thethreaded tube I. so that by tuming the handle I" the tube I can berotated in one direction or the other to increase or decrease thetension exerted by the associated spring. Since the springs I and I areanchored to the frame to the rear of the vertical axis defined by theuniversal joint means connecting the inner ends of the gangs I and I tothe rigid frame I, the tendency of the springs I40 and III is to returnthe gangs to their transport position (Figure l) in addition to theireffect ofexerting a pull on the outer ends of the front gangs so. as toresist the tendency of the outer ends to run deeper than the inner ends.

Since the inner ends'of the rear gangs tend to dig into the soil andraise the outer ends, compression springs Ill and ill have been providedand are arranged to act between the rigid frame 3 and the outer ends ofthe rear gangs II and ii. The outer end of each of the springs Ill andISI bears against a his or bracket III that is welded or otherwisesecured in any suitable manner to the gang frame 2!. A long rod Illextends through each of the springs and through the lug Ill, and theinner end of each rod Ill is threaded and receives a pair of adjustingnuts Ill. The inner end of each of thesprings III This action casestioned, the rear gangs tend to follow the line of least resistance byswinging bodily about the frame pivot until the discs in .the rear gangsare running in the furrows formed by the front gangs instead of cuttingtheir own furrows interand ill bears against the adjusting nuts througha suitable washer III. The inner end of each of the rods I" inwardly ofthe threaded portion formed with a bifurcated section I" which isapertured and is pivoted to a universal Joint block III which, in turn,is pivoted about a vertical axis to a lug I" or some other suitable parton the rigid frame sleeve, preferably on a part of the rear arch ll. Asillustrated, the lugsv III are formed as a part of the frame arms 42 andII, with the result that when the rear arch ll is adjusted, the pointsat which the compression springs are anchored to the rigid frame arecorrespondingly adjusted. These lugs I" are, as best shown in Figure 6,also rearwardly of the vertical pivots (see Figure 6) about which therear gangs II. and II swing generally fore and aft. As a result of thisarrangement, the tendency of the springs is not only to swing the gangsinto their transport position but also to hold the outer ends down andoffset the tendency for the inner ends to run deeper than the outerends.

Since the upthrust counterbalanclng springs Ill, Ill and ill, Iii areconnected at points spaced longitudinally along the rigid frame withrespect to the pivots about which the front and rear gangs swing, thesesprings exert a force which increases when the angle of the gangs in-.deeper, or dig in, than the other end. Therefore,

arranging the springs in this manner effectively equalizes the pressurebetween the inner and outer ends of the gangs for any angled position ofthe gangs.

From the above description it will be apparent that I have provided anovel disk harrow embodying a rigid unitary frame construction that isconnected to each of the front and rear gangs and which is provided witha draft member piv otally connected to the frame and with draftconnections between the draft member and the front gangs and alsobetween the front and rear gangs. It will also be noted that the draftmember and draft connections have universal joint connection with therigid frame and front gangs and that the gangs themselves have-universaljoint connection with the rigid frame. As a result of this constructionthe narrow is exceedingly flexible and can accommodate uneven ground,yet the connections between the various parts are such that the disksare all held in the proper position, even during turns. Also, by virtueof the flexible connection between the hitch and the gangs and theirframe, the hitch point may rise and fall without affecting the operationof the gangs themselves. Further, the hitch is connected to the frame ina manner making it possible to adjust the pressures of the front gangsrelative to the rear gangs by raising or lowering the connection of thedraft member to the rigid frame. The latter is so constructed that therear genes can be adjusted toward or away from each other so as toprovide for different speeds of operation and for different sizes andshapes of disks, and the leveling springs actlag between the rigid frameand the front and rear gangs act to tend to return-the gangs to theirtransport position. thus aiding the straightening of the gangs fromtheir angled position, and in addition the springs are so arranged thattheir effective force in maintaining the gangs cases level increaseswith increased operating angle so as to compensate for the greatertendency of the gangs to dig in when the operating angle is increased.

While I have shown and described above the preferred structure in whichthe principles of the present invention have been embodied, it is to beunderstood that my invention is not to be limited to the specificdetails shown and de- 7 scribed, but that, in fact, widely differentmeans may be employed in the greater aspects of my invention.

What I claim, therefore, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A disk harrow comprisinga unitary rigidv frame, two pairs of diskgangs pivotally connected to the rigid frame, a rigid draft memberpivotally connected for lateral swinging movement to said rigid frame,rigid draft members pivotally connected at their rear ends to thelaterally outer end of the forward gangs. and means connecting theforward ends of said last mentioned rigid draft members to said firstmentioned rigid draft member for controlled longitudinal movementrelative thereto.

2. A disk harrow comprising a rigid frame,

front and rear pairs of disk harrow sections pivot- I ally connectedwith said frame, a rigid ,draft member pivotally connected to said frameto transmit draft thereto, rigid draft connections 8 A disk harrow aframe, front and. rear disk gangs. universal joint means connecting eachgang to said frame for both fore and aft and vertically swingingmovement, draft transmitting means also having universal iointconnections with said frame member and the front gangs, and means forholding said gangs stable.

7. A disk harrow comprising a unitary rigid frame, two pairs of frontand rear gangs, uni'ver sal joint means connecting each of said gangs tosaid frame for both fore and aft and vertical swinging movement, a draftmember pivotally connected to said frame, draft connections between thefront and rear gangs and between the front gangs and said draft member,and means for holding said gangs stable.

8. A diskiharrow comprising frame means,-a pair of am gangs connected tosaid frame means, and draft transmitting means comprising rigid memberspivotally connected to said frame means and said gangs, for generallyvertical swinging movement about generally horizontal transverse axesand means slidably interconnecting said rigid 1 members to provide forfore and aft movement of said gangs. 9. A disk harrow comprising meansserving as a frame having a downturned forward end. a plurality of diskgangs pivotally connected with between said front disk sections and saiddraft member, whereby movement'bf said rigid draft member in onedirection exerts a forward pull on one of said sections and a rearwardthrust on the other section, and draft connections between the front andrear disk sections, whereby forward of front and rear gangs, universaljoint means connecting each of said gangs to said frame,

whereby said gangs are capable of both fore and aft and generallyvertical swinging movement relative to vthe frame, a draft memberpivoted for lateral swinging movement to the forward end of said frame,links extending laterally and rearwardly and connected to the outer endsof said gangs and accommodating vertical swinging movement thereof,whereby lateral movement of said draft member in either direction and,regardless of the vertical position of said front gangs,

will swing the latter in the horizontal plane, means actuated bymovement of said front gangs in either direction for swinging said reargangs into and out of angled operating position, and means for holdingsaid gangs stable.

5. A disk harrow comprising a frame, two pairs of disk gangs, universaljoint means operatively connecting each gang adjacent its inner endtosaid frame, a draft transmitting member, universal joint meansoperatively connecting said draft transmitting member to the forwardportion of said frame, means on said draft transmitting member andoperatively connected with the outer ends of the forward gangs forswinging said gangs in a generally fore and aft direction about the axesestablished by said first universal joint tive thereto, and means forholding said gangs stable. 7

engagin supporting means for the disk harrow, 1 4. A disk harrowcomprising a frame, two pairsv said frame means for swinging into andout of angled relation, draft transmitting means comprising a rigidmember pivotally connected to the forward downturned end of said framemeans for generally vertical and horizontal swinging movement relativethereto, and a pair of draft transmitting means pivotally connected attheir forward ends with said rigid member and at their rear ends withthe outer ends of said nes for both vertical and horizontal swingingmovementin substantially the same horizontal plane'as the forward end-ofsaid frame means."

10. A disk harrow comprising frame means, two pairs of front and reargangs connected with said frame means and forming the sole ground drafttransmitting means, and means providing for the connection of said drafttransmitting means directly to said frame means at any one of aplurality of generally, vertically spaced points on said frame means toprovide for varying the pressure of the front gangs relative to the reargangs by varying the height of connection of said draft transmittingmeans.

11. A disk harrowcomprising a rigid unitary frame, two pairs of frontand rear gangs pivotally connected to said rigid frame for generallyfore and aft swinging movement. the forward portion of said rigid frameterminating in a downwardly extending section having a plurality ofgenerally vertically s openings, a draft member adapted to be pivotallyconnected to said rigid frame member in selected openings, therebyproviding for adjusting the pressure of the front gangs relative to therear gangs, and draft connections between said front and rear gangs andsaid draft mem- 12. A disk harrow comprising substantially rigid framemeans, pairs of front and rear disk gangs, means pivoting the frontgangs to said substantially rigid frame means, and laterally adjustablemeans pivoting the inner ends of each a of the rear gangs to saidsubstantially rigid frame means to provide for lateral adiustment of themeans, and means for holding said gangs stable. rear gangs relative tosaid substantially rigid frame means and toward and away from oneanother relative to the front gangs to accommodate different speeds ofoperation. different sizes and shapes of disks and the like.

13. A disk harrow comprising a frame including a pair of generallylongitudinally extending frame members, two pairs of front and rear diskgangs, .bearing means at opposite ends of said frame members forsupporting the frame on the inner ends of said gangs and establishinggenerally vertical pivots about which said gangs can swing into and outof angled position, and means for adiustably fixing the distance betweenthe rear ends of said longitudinally extending frame members so as toadiustably fix the distance between the rear gangs.-

14. In a disk harrow, a unitary rigid frame comprising a pair ofgenerally longitudinally extending members, a forward transverse membersecured at its ends to the forward portions of said longitudinallyextending members, the'latter extending forwardly of said forwardtransverse member and terminating indownwardly disposed hitch-receivingsections, the portions of said longitudinally extending membersrearwardly of said forward transverse member having some flexibility. apair of rear transverse members rigidly fixed at their outer ends,respectively, to the rear portions of said longitudinal members andmovable relative to one another by virtue of the flexibility of saidlongitudinal member, and clamping means for adiustably fixing said reartransverse members against relative movement to determine the transversedistance between the rear portions of said longitudinally extendingmembers.

15. A disk harrow comprising a frame, a pair of disk gangs pivotallyconnected with said frame for generally fore and aft swinging movementinto and out of transport position, and generally transverse springmeans acting against said frame at points spaced longitudinally of thepivot axis of said gangs and against said gangs adjacent the laterallyouter portions thereof for urging them toward their transport position.

16. A disk harrow comprising a pair of disk gangs, frame means to whichsaid gangs are pivoted for generally fore and aft movement into and outof angled operating position, and spring means extending betweensaid-frame means and said gangs for resisting upthrust of the gangs,said spring means being connected with said frame means at a pointspaced from the axes of fore and aft movement of the gangs so that theeffective resisting force of the spring means increases generally inproportion to the angular displacement of the gangs from theirsubstantially aligned position;

17. A disk harrow comprising a unitary rigid frame having a forwarddraft-receiving portion, two pairs of front and rear disl: gangspivotally connected for generally fore and aft swinging movement to thefront and rear portions of said frame in laterally spaced relation, adraft member pivotally connected to said front portion of the frame andcapable of lateral swinging movement relative thereto, laterally andrearwardly diverging draft connections between said draft member andsaid front gangs, and operative connections between said front and reargangs whereby lateral turning movement of said draft member increasesthe angle between the gangs on the outside of the turn and decreases theangle between the angs on the inside of the turn so as to maintain thegangs in proper registration.

. said gangs, rigid draft cases 18. A disk harrow comprising a unitaryrigid frame, front and rear pairs of disk gangs pivotally connected attheir inner; ends to said rigid frame for generally fore and aftswinging movement, a rigid draft member pivoted to the forward end ofsaid frame, draft connections between said draft member and the outerends of the front gangs, whereby when said rigid draft member is swunglaterally, one ofs s'aid front gangs is pulled forwardly while the otherfront gang is thrust rearwardly, relative to said frame, and connectionsbetween the gangs at each side of the frame whereby when each front gangis swung about its pivot in one direction, the corresponding rear frameis swung about its pivot in the opposite direction. I I

19. A disk barrow comprising a unitary rigid frame, two pairs of frontand rear gangs, universal joint means connecting each gang to said rigidframe'means, link means interconnecting transmitting means connected tosaid rigid frame and the. front gangs by universal Joint connections andmeans for holding said gangs stable.

20. A disk harrow comprising a unitary rigid frame, two pairs of frontand rear disk gangs pivoted thereto adjacent their inner ends forgenerally fore and aft swinging movement, the disks in said front gangsfacing outwardly and the disks in the rear gangs facing inwardly, a pairof tension springs connected between said rigid frame and the outer endsof said front gangs to resist the tendency of the outer disks of thefront gangs'to run deeper than the inner disks, and a pair of nectedbetween said frame and the outer end of the rear gangs for exerting athrust against the latter to prevent the inner disks thereof fromrunning deeper than the outer disks.

21. In a disk narrow, a frame comprising generally longitudinallyextending members converging downwardly at their forward ends to form adraft receiving frame portion, a pair of front gangs pivoted at theirinner ends to said longitudinally extending frame members rear innerends to said frame for both fore and aft.

and generally vertical swinging movement relativethereto. a draft memberpivotally connected to the forward motion of said rigid frame. draftconnections from said draft member to the outer ends of said disk gangs,and means for holding the gangs stable.

23. A disk harrow comprising a unitary rigid frame, a pair of front andrear gangs having universal Joint connectionswith said frame adjacenttheir inner ends, a draft member extending forwardly from said frame,universal joint means connecting the rear end of said draft member tothe forward end of said frame, a yoke slidably carried by said draftmember, draft transmitting link connected to said yoke at their forwardends and having universal joint connections. at their rear ends with theouter ends of the front gangs, said draft member and said links beingcompression springs conoases adapted to have free vertical swingingmovement relative to said front gangs and said frame,

means adjustably fixing the yoke on said draft v member to determine theposition of said front gangs relative to said frame, and connectionsbetween the front and rear gangs whereby generally fore and aft swingingmovement of said front gangs serves to swing said rear gangs generallyfore and aft, both said front and rear gangs being capable of generallyvertical movement about generally longitudinal axes by virtue of theuniversal joint connections between said gangs and said frame.

24. A disk harrow comprising a unitary rigid frame having a forwarddraft-receiving portion, pairs of front and rear disk gangs pivotallyconnected for generally fore and aft swinging movement to the front andrear portions of said frame in laterally spaced relation, a draft memberpivotally connected to said front portion of the frame and capable oflateral swinging movement relative thereto, a pair of rearwardlyextending arms fixed, respectively, to the inner ends of said frontgangs, laterally outwardly extending links pivoted to the rear ends ofsaid arms, and arms fixed to the inner ends of said rear gangs andpivotally receiving, respectively, the laterally outer ends of said lastmentioned links, whereby lateral swinging movement of said draft memberrelative to said rigid frame serves to swing said front and rear gangsin opposite directions relative to said frame.

25'. A disk harrow comprising a pair of disk gangs, means serving as aframe therefor, a draft member pivoted to said frame means for verticalmovement, draft connections extending from said draft member to saidgangs and pivoted thereto for generally vertical movement, and means formaintaining said gang frames in vertical position.

26. A disk harrow comprising a pair of disk gangs, each having a gangframe and each gangframe comprising front and rear generallytransversely disposed frame bars, a rigid draft.member pivotallyconnected with the gang frames for vertical movement relative thereto,rigid draft connections pivoted to the forward bars of said gang framesfor vertical movement relative thereto, and means for maintaining saidgang frames in vertical position.

27. A disk harrow comprising means serving asa frame having a downturnedforward end, a plurality of disk gangs pivotally connected with saidframe means for swinging into and out of angled relation, drafttransmitting means comprising a rigid member connected to the forwarddownturned end of said frame means, a pair of draft transmitting meanspivotally connected at their forward ends with said rigid member and attheir rear ends with the outer ends of said gangs for vertical swingingmovement, and means for maintaining said gangs in vertical position.

28. A disk harrow comprising a frame, a pair of disk gangs pivotallyconnected with said frame for generally foreand aft swinging movementinto and out of transport position, and generally transverse springmeans acting transversely of the harrow. and against said gangs atpoints spaced longitudinally of their points of pivotal connection withsaid frame for'bothholding said gangs level in operation and to urgethem toward their transport position.

29. A disk harrow comprising a pair of disk angs. frame means to whichsaid gangs are pivoted for generally fore and aft movement into and outof angled operating positio and spring means connected between saidgangs for resisting upthrust of the gangs, said spring means beingconnected with said gangs at points spaced generally longitudinally fromthe axes of fore and aft movement of the gangs so that the effectiveresisting force of the spring means increases generally in proportion tothe angular displacement of the gangs from their substantially alignedposition.

30. A disk harrow comprising a unitary rigid frame, two pairs of frontand rear disk gangs pivoted thereto adjacent their inner ends forgenerally fore and aft swinging movement, the disks in one pair of gangsfacing outwardly and the disks in the other pair of gangs facinginwardly, a transversely extending tension means connected between thegangs of said one pair to resist the tendency of the outer disks thereofto run deeper than the inner'disks, and. compression resisting meansconnected between the gangs of said other pair for exerting a thrustagainst the latter to prevent the inner disks thereof from runningdeeper than the outer disks.

31. A disk harrow comprising frame means, pairs of front and rear diskgangs pivotally connected for generally fore and aft swinging movementto said frame means, a draft member pivotally connected to said framemeans and capable of lateral swinging movement relative thereto, a pairof generally rearwardly extending arms fixed, respectively, to saidfront gangs, laterally outwardly extending links pivoted to the rearends of said arms, and arms fixed to said rear gangs and pivotallyreceiving. respectively, the laterally. outer ends of said lastmentioned links, whereby lateral swinging movement of said draft memberrelative to said rigid frame serves to swing said front and rear gangsin opposite directions relative to said frame.

32. A disk harrow as defined in claim 31, further characterized by saidframe means being a substantially rigid structure, either of said firstmentioned arms moving substantially into a straight line relation withthe associated link when the harrow in angled operating position isdrawn along a curved path, as when turning,

thereby cooperating with said rigid frame structure to maintain thegangs on the outside ofthe turn in proper position.

33. A disk harrow comprising a pair of disk gangs connected together ingenerally axial alignment, the soil pressure acting against the gangstending to cause upthrust at their inner ends, and generallytransversely arranged spring means disposed approximately directly abovethe axes of the disks of said gangs and acting. against the latter forresisting upthrust of the gangs.

34. A disk harrow comprising means serving as a frame, at least one diskgang pivotally con-- nected therewith for generally vertical swingingmovement, and yielding means acting transversely against said gang at apoint adjacent the outer end thereof and generally above the axis ofswinging movement for resisting upthrust of the gangs connectedtogether" in generally axial alignment, the soil pressure acting againstthe disks of the gangs tending to cause upthrust of the latter, andtransversely extending tension means disposed approximately directlyabove the axes of the disks of the gangs and connected with the latterso as to tend to hold said gangs level and to resist said upthrust,further characterised by said tension means being connected with theouter ends of said gangs to resist upthrust at their inner ends." I g e37. Adisk harrow complm l a pair of generally axially arranged diskgangs arranged for fore and aft swinging movement into and out oftransport position. and transverse means acting transversely of theharrow and against said gangs at points spaced from the axes of theirpivotal movement so as to tend to hold said gangs level in operation andurge them toward their transport position.

38 A disk harrow comprising a pair of generally axially arranged diskgangs arranged for fore and aft swinging movement into and out oftransport position,. and means acting against said gangs at pointsspaced from the axes oi their pivotal movement so as to urge them towardtheir transport position.

39. A disk harrow comprising a pair of generally axially arranged diskgangs arranged for fore and aft swinging movement into and out oftransport position. and means acting against said gangs at points spacedfrom the axes of their pivotal movement so as to tend to hold said gangslevel in operation and urge them toward their transport position.

40. A disk harrow comprising a pair of disk gangs connected together ingenerally axial alignment for generally fore and aft swinging movementinto diflerent angular positions, the

soil pressure acting against the disks of the gangs tending. to causeupthrust of the latter, and

means connected with said gangs to resist upthrust of the gangs with aneifective force that increases as the angle between said gangsincreases.

-41. A disk harrow comprising a pair of disk gangs connected together ingenerally axial alignment for generally fore and aft swinging movementinto different angular positions, the soil pressure acting against thedisks of the gangs tending to cause upthrust of the latter, andresilient means connected with said gangs at points spaced from the axisof relative movement of said gangs in both vertical and fore and aftdirections, whereby said resilient means tends to resist said upthrustwith a force that increases when the angle between said gangs increases.

42. A disk harrow comprising a pair of disk gangs connected together forgenerally fore and aft swinging movement into and out of generally axialalignment, the soil pressure acting against the disks of the gangstending to cause upthrust of the latter, and tension spring meansextending lengthwise of and acting against the gangs and disposed aboveand in back of the axis oi' relative movement of said gangs so as totend to hold said gangs level inoperation and to resist said upthrustwith a force that increases when the angle between said gangsincreases.-

43. In a disk barrow. the combination of two oppositely extending diskgangs, a part connected with each of said disk gangs for movementtherewith, a centrally disposed main draft member connecting saidpartsat their inner ends and including generally upwardly extending springsupporting means and retractile coil springs connected between the saidsupporting means and outer portions of said parts to exert upward forceson the outer ends thereof and corresponding downward forces at the innerends thereof.

44. In a disk harrow, the combination of a pair of oppositely extendingdisk gangs, a draft mechanism including a center member and side membersmovably connected attheir inner ends thereto, the said side membersextending outwardly and being connected tothe disk gangs for movementtherewith, and spring acting mechanism extended angularly from upperportions of said center member to outer portions of the side members forexerting adjustable downward pressure at the inner ends of said sidemembers and connected disk gangs.

45. In a disk harrow, the combination of two oppositely extending diskgangs, means movable with each gang and including a part disposedforwardly of the axis of said gang, means including a centrally disposedmain draft member connecting the inner ends of said parts, andretractile coil springs connected between said main draft member andouter portions of said parts and so arranged as to exert upward forceson the outer ends thereof and corresponding downward forces at the innerends thereof.

46. In a disk harrow, the combination of two oppositely extending diskgangs, frame members connected to the disk genes for movement therewith,a centrally disposed main draft member connecting the frame members attheir inner ends, and retractile coil springs connected between saidmain draft member and outer portions of the frame members to exertupward forces on the outer ends of the frame members and correspondingdownward forces at the inner ends thereof.

47. In a disk harrow, the combination comprising central draft means, apair of disk gangs arranged in outwardly and oppositely extendingrelation, frame members connected to the gangs and pivotaliy connectedat inner ends on substantially vertical axes, said central draft meanshaving spring receiving means disposed approximately vertically abovethe axes of swinging of said gangs, and a separate spring extendingbetween said spring receiving means and the frame member of each gang.for exerting forces on said frame members to counteract generallyvertically acting thrust at the center of said disk gangs.

48. In a disk harrow, the combination comprising central draft means, apair of disk gangs arranged in outwardly and oppositely extending andmanually reacting relation, frame members connected to the gangs andpivotally connected at inner ends on substantially vertical axes, saidcentral draft means having spring receiving means disposed approximatelyvertically above the axes of swinging of said gangs. and a separateretractile coil spring stretched between said spring receiving means andthe frame members of each gang for exerting upward forces on outer endsof the frame members and thereby counteracting upward thrust at thecenter caused by reaction of the disk gan s.

49. In a disk harrow, the combination comprising central draft means,'apair of disk gangs arranged in outwardly and oppositely extendingrelation, frame members connected to the gangs and pivotally connectedat inner ends on substantially vertical axes, said central draft meanshava draft transmitting frame, a pair of oppositely extending diskgangs, gang members connected to the disk gangs and extending lengthwisewith respect thereto, means pivotally connecting said gang members forgenerally vertical swingingf movement relative to said drafttransmitting frame, and yielding means comprising two sprin means actingat their inner ends against said draft transmitting frame and disposedgenerally transversely and acting at their outer ends against said gangmembers for resisting upthrust thereof. I

51. Atandem disk harrow comprising front and rear pairs of outwardlyspread and oppositely acting disk gangs having frame parts extendingparallel with their respective axes, springreoeiving parts on the frameparts of the forward gangs, spring means connected to the upper ends ofsaid parts to exert downward forces on inner ends of the front gangs,and spring means for exerting downward forces on outer ends of the reargangs.

52. A disk harrow comprising a pair of front disk gangs pivotallyconnected adjacent their inner ends for generally fore and aft swingingmovement and for limited vertical swinging movement, a pair of rear diskgangs pivoted ad- Jacent their inner ends for generally fo e and aftswinging movement and for limited vertical swinging movement, the disksin one pair of gangs facing outwardly and the disks in the other pair ofgangs facing inwardly, a transversely extending tension means connectedbetween the gangs of said one pair to resist the tendency of the outerdisks thereof to run deeper than the inner disks, and compressionresisting mean connected between the gangs of said other pair forexerting a thrust against the latter to prevent the inner disks thereoffrom running deeper than the outer disks.

53. A disk harrow comprising frame means, a pair of disk gangs connectedwith said frame means for generally vertical swinging movement,

brackets fixed to said frame means at points I thereon spaced from theaxes of vertical swinging movement of said gangs relative to said framemeans, and transversely disposed spring means reacting at their irmerends against said brackets for resisting vertical swinging of saidgangs.

54. A disk harrow comprising a pair oi disk gangs connected together forgenerallyvertical swinging movement and for generally fore and aftswinging movement, each gang having a member swingable at leastgenerally fore and aft therewith, a bracket fixed to each member, andtransverse spring means disposed/substantially above the axis of foreand aft movement of said gang members and connected with said bracketsfor resisting displacement of said gangs about the axis of verticalswinging movement in al working positions of the gangs.

55. A disk harrow comprising a pair of disk gangs connected together forgenerally vertical swinging movement and for generally fore and aftswinging movement, each gang having a member swingable at least generaly fore and aft therewith about a generally vertical axis, a bracketfixed to each member, and transverse spring means disposed substantiallyabove said axis and connected with said brackets for resistingdisplacement of said gangs about the axis of vertical swinging movementin all working positions of the gangs.

56. A disk harrow comprising a pair of disk gangs connected together forgenerally vertical swlnging novement, each gang having a memberswingable draft to the inner ends of said gangs and including a partwith which said members are pivoted for generally fore and aft swingingmovement about a pair of generally laterally spaced axes, a bracketfixed to each member and swingable therewith, and transverse springmeans disposed substantially above said axes and connected with. saidbrackets for resisting displacement of said gangs about the axis ofvertical swinging movement in all working positions of the gangs.

57. A disk harrow comprising a pair of disk gangs. means for applyingdraft-t0 the gangs, the latter being pivotally connected with said meansfor generally vertical swinging movement about one or more axes, abracket fixed to each gang, and spring biase rod means disposedtransversely of the harrow and connected with said brackets so as toresist displacement-of said gangs about said one or more axes.

CHARLES H. WHITE.

therewith, means for transmitting

